Difference between revisions of "PEERS"

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The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study is a multi-session experiment looking at scalp EEG during free recall and recognition. We recruit both younger adults (16-30) and older adults (60-90) for 22 or 9 sessions, respectively.
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The '''Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study (PEERS)''' is a multi-session experiment looking at scalp EEG during free recall and recognition. We recruit both younger adults (16-30) and older adults (60-90).
  
 
Please see the [[#How to get involved|information below]] if you are interested in volunteering for this study.
 
Please see the [[#How to get involved|information below]] if you are interested in volunteering for this study.
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===Studying the brain===
 
===Studying the brain===
  
At the [[Main Page| Computational Memory Lab]], we use brain recordings to better understand how human memory works. We are devoted to learning how people form and retrieve memories. Eventually, we hope this information will be used to improve the lives of people with brain disorders and restore normal memory function to those who have lost it.  
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At the [[Main Page| Computational Memory Lab]], we use brain recordings to better understand how human memory works. We are devoted to learning how people form and retrieve memories. Our hope is that what we learn in our experiments will pave the way for therapies to improve the lives of people with brain disorders and restore normal memory function to those who have lost it.
  
 
===About our tasks===
 
===About our tasks===
  
The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study focuses on episodic memory. This is your memory for everyday events (including people, places, and things) in time. Because these memories are unique to each person individually, we must find a controlled way to learn about this form of human memory. In this study, we use lists of words, each individual word representing an "episode" in time. Very simply, we will ask you to study lists of words and then recall them in any order.  
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The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study focuses on episodic memory. Episodic memory is memory for specific events that happened in a specific place and time (e.g., your 16th birthday party or your breakfast this morning). As such, episodic memory places the events of our lives on an autobiographical timeline. They allow us to remember whether we took our medicine this morning and where we parked our car today. Because these memories are unique to each person individually, we must find a controlled way to learn about this form of human memory. In this study, we use lists of words with each individual word representing an "episode" in time. Very simply, we will ask you to study lists of words and then recall them in any order.  
  
 
<center>
 
<center>
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===What is EEG?===  
 
===What is EEG?===  
  
"EEG" stands for electroencephalogram. There are many different types of EEG nets, and you may have even worn one before. The EEG nets we use do not require gel or scalp abrasion. The electrodes are housed above a sponge, which sits on your scalp, that is soaked in an electrolyte solution to allow for good conductivity of your brain's electrical activity.  This solution is comprised of baby shampoo (to dissolve the oils on your scalp), de-ionized water, and potassium chloride. Although it is rare, some people do experience mild irritation from the solution.
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"EEG" stands for electroencephalogram. There are many different types of EEG nets, and you may even have worn one before. The EEG nets we use do not require gel or scalp abrasion. The electrodes are housed above a sponge, which sits on your scalp, that is soaked in an electrolyte solution to allow for good conductivity of your brain's electrical activity.  This solution is comprised of baby shampoo (to dissolve the oils on your scalp), distilled water, and potassium chloride (a kind of salt). Although it is rare, some people do experience mild irritation from the solution.
  
 
=== How to get involved ===
 
=== How to get involved ===
If you meet the following criteria:
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You must meet the following criteria:
  
 
* You must be right-handed
 
* You must be right-handed
 
* English must be the first language learned to speak
 
* English must be the first language learned to speak
* You must be aged 18-30
 
* You must be affiliated with a University. This means an undergrad or grad student, a recent graduate, or taking classes over the Summer. (This requirement is stipulated in our NIH grant.)
 
 
* You must be able to sit still for up to two hours
 
* You must be able to sit still for up to two hours
  
Because the study is a total of 22 sessions long, be aware that there is some time commitment involved. Generally we ask that our participants come in at least twice a week over the course of two or three months.  
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Because the study involves over 20 sessions, be aware that there is some time commitment involved. Generally we ask that our participants come in at least twice a week over the course of two or three months.  
  
 
A note: you must be able to take out any ear- or eyebrow-area jewelry you have. Also, some hairstyles may interfere with the net coming in contact with your scalp, such as non-removable braids, dreadlocks, or very thick, long hair. We should be able to tell you if this is an issue as soon as you come in, but if you have any questions about these requirements, feel free to ask.
 
A note: you must be able to take out any ear- or eyebrow-area jewelry you have. Also, some hairstyles may interfere with the net coming in contact with your scalp, such as non-removable braids, dreadlocks, or very thick, long hair. We should be able to tell you if this is an issue as soon as you come in, but if you have any questions about these requirements, feel free to ask.
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The following publications draw on the PEERS dataset:
 
The following publications draw on the PEERS dataset:
 
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* Healey, M. K. and Kahana, M. J. (in press) A four–component model of age–related memory change. Psychological Review. [[Publications#HealKaha15|(more)]]
* Healey, M. K. and Kahana, M. J. Memory search is governed by universal principles–-not idiosyncratic strategies. ''Submitted''. [[Publications#HealKaha12|(more)]]
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* Healey, M. K., Crutchley, P., and Kahana, M. J. (2014). Individual differences in memory search and their relation to intelligence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1553–1569  [[Publications#HealEtal14|(more)]]
* Lohnas, L. J. and Kahana, M. J. Compound cueing in free recall. ''Submitted''.  [[Publications#LohnKaha12a|(more)]]
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* Healey, M. K. and Kahana, M. J. (2014). Is memory search governed by universal principles or idiosyncratic strategies? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 575–596  [[Publications#HealKaha14|(more)]]
* Lohnas, L. J. and Kahana, M. J. The word frequency effect in episodic memory. ''Submitted''. [[Publications#LohnKaha12|(more)]]
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* Lohnas, L. J. and Kahana, M. J. (2014a). Compound cuing in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cogntion, 40(1), 12-24 [[Publications#LohnKaha12a|(more)]]
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* Lohnas, L. J. and Kahana, M. J. (2013). Parametric effects of word frequency effect in memory for mixed frequency lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(6), 1943–1946. [[Publications#LohnKaha13|(more)]]
 
* Miller, J. F., Kahana, M. J., and Weidemann, C. T. (2012). Recall termination in free recall. ''Memory & Cognition'', 40(4), 540–550. [[Publications#MillEtal12|(more)]]
 
* Miller, J. F., Kahana, M. J., and Weidemann, C. T. (2012). Recall termination in free recall. ''Memory & Cognition'', 40(4), 540–550. [[Publications#MillEtal12|(more)]]
  
(List is current as of January 2013. See [[Publications]] for all lab publications.)
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(List is current as of Oct 2015. See [[Publications]] for all lab publications.)
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=== PEERS dataset ===
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The entirety of the PEERS dataset is available [http://memory.psych.upenn.edu/files/PEERS.data.tgz here]. Please see [[Data Archive]] for datasets used in individual publications.

Revision as of 14:26, 28 October 2015

The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study (PEERS) is a multi-session experiment looking at scalp EEG during free recall and recognition. We recruit both younger adults (16-30) and older adults (60-90).

Please see the information below if you are interested in volunteering for this study.

Information for volunteers

Studying the brain

At the Computational Memory Lab, we use brain recordings to better understand how human memory works. We are devoted to learning how people form and retrieve memories. Our hope is that what we learn in our experiments will pave the way for therapies to improve the lives of people with brain disorders and restore normal memory function to those who have lost it.

About our tasks

The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study focuses on episodic memory. Episodic memory is memory for specific events that happened in a specific place and time (e.g., your 16th birthday party or your breakfast this morning). As such, episodic memory places the events of our lives on an autobiographical timeline. They allow us to remember whether we took our medicine this morning and where we parked our car today. Because these memories are unique to each person individually, we must find a controlled way to learn about this form of human memory. In this study, we use lists of words with each individual word representing an "episode" in time. Very simply, we will ask you to study lists of words and then recall them in any order.

What is EEG?

"EEG" stands for electroencephalogram. There are many different types of EEG nets, and you may even have worn one before. The EEG nets we use do not require gel or scalp abrasion. The electrodes are housed above a sponge, which sits on your scalp, that is soaked in an electrolyte solution to allow for good conductivity of your brain's electrical activity. This solution is comprised of baby shampoo (to dissolve the oils on your scalp), distilled water, and potassium chloride (a kind of salt). Although it is rare, some people do experience mild irritation from the solution.

How to get involved

You must meet the following criteria:

  • You must be right-handed
  • English must be the first language learned to speak
  • You must be able to sit still for up to two hours

Because the study involves over 20 sessions, be aware that there is some time commitment involved. Generally we ask that our participants come in at least twice a week over the course of two or three months.

A note: you must be able to take out any ear- or eyebrow-area jewelry you have. Also, some hairstyles may interfere with the net coming in contact with your scalp, such as non-removable braids, dreadlocks, or very thick, long hair. We should be able to tell you if this is an issue as soon as you come in, but if you have any questions about these requirements, feel free to ask.

Contact us at memorylab@psych.upenn.edu or 215-746-0407 to see if we are running sessions for which you may qualify.

Information for researchers

PEERS is an extended experiment consisting of 20 sessions of free recall and recognition memory tasks, followed by 2 sessions of standardized psychometric tests. High-density scalp EEG is recorded during free recall/recognition sessions.

The following publications draw on the PEERS dataset:

  • Healey, M. K. and Kahana, M. J. (in press) A four–component model of age–related memory change. Psychological Review. (more)
  • Healey, M. K., Crutchley, P., and Kahana, M. J. (2014). Individual differences in memory search and their relation to intelligence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1553–1569 (more)
  • Healey, M. K. and Kahana, M. J. (2014). Is memory search governed by universal principles or idiosyncratic strategies? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 575–596 (more)
  • Lohnas, L. J. and Kahana, M. J. (2014a). Compound cuing in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cogntion, 40(1), 12-24 (more)
  • Lohnas, L. J. and Kahana, M. J. (2013). Parametric effects of word frequency effect in memory for mixed frequency lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(6), 1943–1946. (more)
  • Miller, J. F., Kahana, M. J., and Weidemann, C. T. (2012). Recall termination in free recall. Memory & Cognition, 40(4), 540–550. (more)

(List is current as of Oct 2015. See Publications for all lab publications.)

PEERS dataset

The entirety of the PEERS dataset is available here. Please see Data Archive for datasets used in individual publications.